How to Fix java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/emulated/0/download/ Error on Android
If you are developing an app that needs to access files from the internal storage of your Android device, you may encounter the java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/emulated/0/download/ error. This error means that your app cannot find or open the file that you are trying to read or write. In this article, we will explain what causes this error, how it affects your app, and how you can fix it using four different methods.
What is java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/emulated/0/download/ Error?
The java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/emulated/0/download/ error is a type of IOException that occurs when your app tries to access a file that does not exist or is not accessible. The /storage/emulated/0/download/ path is the default location for downloaded files on Android devices. However, this path may not be available or visible to your app due to various reasons.
java.io.filenotfoundexception storage emulated 0 download
Causes of the error
Some of the possible causes of the java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/emulated/0/download/ error are:
The file that you are trying to access does not exist or has been deleted.
The file that you are trying to access is in a different location than /storage/emulated/0/download/.
Your app does not have the required permissions to read or write files from the internal storage.
Your app is targeting Android 10 or higher and does not support scoped storage.
Your app is targeting Android 11 or higher and does not have the MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission.
Symptoms of the error
Some of the symptoms of the java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/emulated/0/download/ error are:
Your app crashes or freezes when trying to access a file from the internal storage.
Your app displays an error message or a blank screen when trying to access a file from the internal storage.
Your app cannot upload or download files from the internal storage.
Your app cannot encrypt or decrypt files from the internal storage.
How to Solve java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/emulated/0/download/ Error?
Depending on the cause and the target version of your app, you can use one of the following methods to solve the java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/emulated/0/download/ error:
Method 1: Grant storage permissions to your app
If your app does not have the READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE and WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permissions, it cannot access files from the internal storage. To grant these permissions, you need to declare them in your manifest file and request them at runtime from the user. Here are the steps to grant storage permissions to your app:
Steps to grant storage permissions
In your manifest file, add these lines inside the tag:
In your activity or fragment, check if you have these permissions using this method:
private boolean checkStoragePermissions() int readPermission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE); int writePermission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE); return readPermission == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && writePermission == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
If the method returns false, request the permissions using this method:
private void requestStoragePermissions() ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, STORAGE_REQUEST_CODE);
Override the onRequestPermissionsResult method to handle the user's response:
@Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); if (requestCode == STORAGE_REQUEST_CODE) if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && grantResults[1] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) // Permission granted, proceed with file access else // Permission denied, show a toast or a dialog
Method 2: Use android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true" attribute in your manifest file
If your app is targeting Android 10 or higher and does not support scoped storage, you can use the android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true" attribute in your manifest file to opt out of scoped storage and access files from the internal storage as before. However, this is a temporary solution and will not work on Android 11 or higher. Here are the steps to use android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true" attribute:
Steps to use android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true" attribute
In your manifest file, add this line inside the tag:
android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"
Make sure you have the READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE and WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permissions declared and requested as explained in Method 1.
Access files from the internal storage using the File class or the FileInputStream and FileOutputStream classes.
Method 3: Use ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT intent to let the user pick the file
If your app only needs to read or write a single file from the internal storage, you can use the ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT intent to let the user pick the file from a system file picker. This way, you do not need to request any permissions or opt out of scoped storage. Here are the steps to use ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT intent:
Steps to use ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT intent
Create an intent with the ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT action and set the type of file you want to access:
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT); intent.setType("application/pdf"); // For example, if you want to access PDF files
Start the intent with startActivityForResult and pass a request code:
startActivityForResult(intent, FILE_REQUEST_CODE);
Override the onActivityResult method to handle the user's selection:
@Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); if (requestCode == FILE_REQUEST_CODE && resultCode == RESULT_OK && data != null) Uri uri = data.getData(); // This is the URI of the selected file // Use a ContentResolver to open an InputStream or an OutputStream to read or write the file
Method 4: Request MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission in your manifest file and let the user confirm
If your app is targeting Android 11 or higher and needs to access multiple files from the internal storage for a legitimate purpose, you can request the MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission in your manifest file and let the user confirm it in the settings. This permission allows your app to access all files from the internal storage without opting out of scoped storage. However, this permission is considered dangerous and should be used sparingly. Here are the steps to request MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission:
Steps to request MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission
In your manifest file, add this line inside the tag:
In your activity or fragment, check if you have this permission using this method:
private boolean checkManageExternalStoragePermission() return Environment.isExternalStorageManager();
If the method returns false, create an intent with the ACTION_MANAGE_APP_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION action and start it with startActivity:
private void requestManageExternalStoragePermission() Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_APP_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION); Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", getPackageName(), null); intent.setData(uri); startActivity(intent);
The user will be taken to the settings where they can allow your app to access all files. Once they do that, you can access files from the internal storage using the File class or the FileInputStream and FileOutputStream classes.
Conclusion
In this article, we have explained what is the java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/emulated/0/download/ error, what causes it, and how to fix it using four different methods. We hope that this article has helped you to solve this error and access files from the internal storage of your Android device. If you have any questions or feedback, please let us know in the comments below.
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions about the java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/emulated/0/download/ error:
Q: What is scoped storage and why does it affect file access?
A: Scoped storage is a feature introduced in Android 10 that limits the access of apps to files from the internal and external storage. Scoped storage aims to improve the privacy and security of users' data by giving them more control over which apps can access their files. Scoped storage affects file access because it restricts the use of file paths and requires apps to use other methods such as intents, content providers, or media store APIs to access files.
Q: How can I check if my app supports scoped storage?
A: You can check if your app supports scoped storage by looking at the targetSdkVersion attribute in your manifest file. If your targetSdkVersion is 29 or higher, your app supports scoped storage by default. If your targetSdkVersion is lower than 29, your app does not support scoped storage unless you opt in by using the android:preserveLegacyExternalStorage="true" attribute in your manifest file.
Q: How can I test my app for scoped storage compatibility?
A: You can test your app for scoped storage compatibility by using the Android Emulator or a physical device running Android 10 or higher. You can also use the adb shell command to change the value of the external_storage_legacy flag to enable or disable scoped storage for your app.
Q: What are some best practices for accessing files from the internal storage?
A: Some of the best practices for accessing files from the internal storage are:
Use the getExternalFilesDir() method to get a directory that is private to your app and does not require any permissions.
Use the getExternalCacheDir() method to get a directory that is private to your app and is cleared when the user clears the cache.
Use the MediaStore API to access media files such as images, videos, and audio.
Use the Storage Access Framework (SAF) to let the user pick files from a system file picker.
Use the DocumentsContract API to create, rename, move, or delete files from a system file picker.
Use the DownloadManager API to download files from the internet and save them to the internal storage.
Avoid hardcoding file paths and use relative paths instead.
Avoid accessing files that belong to other apps unless you have their permission.
Q: Where can I find more information about file access on Android?
A: You can find more information about file access on Android by visiting these links:
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